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Abstract
Resistance training (RT) offers benefits to both men and women. However, the studies about the differences between men and women in response to an RT program are not conclusive and few data are available about upper body strength response. The aim of this study was to compare elbow flexor strength gains in men and women after 10 weeks of RT. Forty-four college-aged men ( ± 2.34 years) and forty-seven college-aged women ( ± 2.96 years) participated in the study. The RT program was performed two days a week for 10 weeks. Before and after the training period, peak torque (PT) of the elbow flexors was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. PT values were higher in men in comparison to women in pre- and post-tests (p < 0.01).> 0.05). Effect sizes were 0.57 and 0.56 for men and women, respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that men and women have a similar upper body strength response to RT.
Inclusion
Resistance training (RT) even offers positive points to both men and women. Indeed, the medical benefits of RT were but are not limited to: reduced intestinal transportation go out; smaller threat of a cancerous colon (Koffler ainsi que al., 1992); increased sleep metabolic rate (Campbell mais aussi al., 1994; Paoli ainsi que al., 2012); improved sugar metabolism (Hurley, 1994); increased bloodstream-lipid pages (Brick et al., 1982; Hurley ainsi que al., 1988); smaller sleep blood pressure levels (Harris & Holly, 1987; Colliander & Tesch, 1988); increased limbs nutrient thickness (Menkes mais aussi al., 1993); pain and discomfort cures for these enduring osteoarthritis (Rall mais aussi al., 1996); diminished low back pain (Deyssig mais aussi al., 1993; Weinsier ainsi que al., 1995); increased independence (Westcott, 1995); and you can, enhanced maximum cardio ability (Steele et al., 2012). Particularly, increased power and you can muscles, the main results of RT, have been evidenced to minimize the possibility of most of the-end in mortality (Newman mais aussi al., 2006; Ruiz ainsi que al., 2008; Artero et al., 2011; Srikanthan & Karlamangla, 2014). Yet not, whether discover sex-particular responses to RT try presently undecided. Considering Dreyer ainsi que al., (2010), typically guys keeps ten times way more dispersing testosterone than female. Chest system possess a whole lot more androgen receptors than just leg looks (Kadi et al., 2000). Thus, it is possible that this hormones change you are going to permit greater invention regarding upper limb human body from inside the men as compared to feminine that have RT.
) examined body constitution from inside the 268 men and you can two hundred feminine having fun with magnetic resonance imaging and found torso muscle ratio try better during the guys than simply feminine (42.9 compared to. 39.7%). Similar abilities had been used in resistance-coached sufferers from the Alway mais aussi al. (1989), just who opposed men and women bodybuilders. They reported that, even after performing a similar studies regularity and you may did equivalent knowledge apps, the latest muscle tissue mix-sectional the main biceps brachii try higher inside the males than simply in females. Additionally, Kvorning ainsi que al. (2006) found that the effects away from testosterone toward energy gains might be a lot more noticable than just muscle tissue progress. Hence, it could be hypothesized you to definitely sex you are going to influence brand new power impulse way more than the rise in muscle tissue as a result so you can RT.
Earlier education reported that men and women starting the same RT system did not disagree from inside the strength progress, one another absolute and cousin, into the hip and legs (Ivey et al., 2000; Galvao et al., 2006; Dorgo et al., 2012). Fisher mais aussi al. (2014) has actually recently claimed the fresh new electricity gains from male and female trainees out-of an exclusive RT facility for higher and lower system training. There were equivalent absolute fuel progress but really ladies had somewhat greater cousin stamina gains and you will strength increases relative to system bulk. Although not, females in this data had coached for approximately double this new cycle of men. Most other education exploring the upper body report conflicting results with suggesting better sheer growth from inside the men (O’Hagan et al., 1995; Abe mais aussi al., 2000) and you will better cousin growth in women. Someone else reported zero distinctions (Davies et al., 1988; Abe et al., 2000). Yet not, this has been debated from the Abe ainsi que al. (2000) a large number of the sooner studies which used sex evaluations to possess each other electricity and muscle hypertrophic transform was basically impeded by the lower statistical strength because of short test products (every ?20 members).